Support and resistance trading strategy (S&R)

A support and resistance trading strategy is a technical analysis approach focused on the concept of price levels acting as barriers. Learn more about it in our educational guide.

Support and resistance (S&R) zones are very important technical indicators in technical analysis. Integral to any financial market, support and resistance levels essentially represent demand and supply – the order flow – which can rapidly shift. Support and resistance indicators show some predetermined levels at which the market’s price is expected to stop and reverse. This widely followed technical analysis technique helps to quickly analyse the price chart and to determine three key points:

1. The market’s potential direction
2. Suggested points for market entry
3. The points at which to consider an exit

Support is the level where the market price tends to find support as it falls. At that point the demand is strong enough to suggest the price may not fall further. This means that having reached this level, the market’s price is more likely to bounce off than break through and continue falling.

However, the price may still break through the support level and continue its downward movement until meeting another support level.

Resistance is the opposite of support. At this level the supply is strong enough to suggest the price may not rise further. It defines where the price will encounter resistance as it rises. As with the support level, the price may be likely to push away from this level rather than break through it. If it does happen, there’s a possibility for the price to continue moving up until it faces another level of resistance.

The concept of support and resistance consists of the support level, the ‘floor’ under trading prices, and the resistance level, the ‘ceiling’. In this case, a trading instrument is like a rubber ball bouncing in a room. It hits the floor and rebounds off the ceiling. The ball here, ie, a trading instrument, could potentially experience consolidation between support and resistance zones.

Fibonacci numbers, the work of 13th century Italian mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci, have been a popular ingredient in creating different technical indicators, including support and resistance indicators.

A series of Fibonacci numbers – 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144 – are often used to calculate entry points while trading cryptocurrencies, stocks, commodities, foreign exchange (forex) and indices during market trends.

Fibonacci retracement numbers are used to indicate potential entry points and targets during trending markets – spots that could see a reversal  in the trend. If the market is uptrending, you use Fibonacci numbers from bottom to top. In a downtrending market, you use them from top to bottom.

Support and resistance zones can be identified by analysing past price movements, chart patterns, or technical indicators such as moving averages (MAs). 

Support zones are typically found near the previous low prices, while resistance zones are typically found near the previous high prices. Identifying these levels could potentially help determine entry and exit points for trades.

Examples of support and resistance zones include:

• Moving averages. These are lines drawn on the chart that connect the average closing prices of a security over a set period of time.

• Trend lines. These lines connect the highs and lows of a security over a set period of time.

• Volume spikes. These are areas of a chart where the trading volume of a security suddenly increases, indicating that the price may be due to change.

• Round numbers. These are areas of a chart where the price of a security tends to find difficulty breaking through certain price points.

• Fibonacci retracements. These are areas of a chart where the price of a security tends to find difficulty breaking through certain Fibonacci levels.

How to use support and resistance in trading? Here are the top four support and resistance trading strategies:

• Range trading

Range trading occurs within the area between support and resistance lines as traders aim to buy at the support level and sell at the resistance level. Note that support and resistance do not always represent perfect lines. Sometimes there will be some noise around, rather than a perfect line. Traders have to identify a trading range – ie, the areas of support and resistance.

^{*Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results}

Traders are trying to find long entries, when the price bounces off the support level, and are looking for short entries, when the price stands near the resistance level. You should also remember that the asset’s price may violate these boundaries, that is why you should consider placing stop-losses^* below support when going long, and above resistance, when going short.

• Breakout trading

After a period of uncertainty, the price often breaks out and starts a new trend. Traders may try to catch these breakouts below support level and above the level of resistance in order to profit on the potential further momentum in one direction.

^{*Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results}

• Trendline trading

The trendline trading strategy suggests to use a trendline as either support a resistance. Traders simply draw a line, which connects several highs in a downtrend, or several lows in an uptrend. If the trend is strong, the price could bounce off the trendline and continue its movements in the trend’s direction. In this case traders pick up entry points in the direction of the trend.^{*Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results}

• Moving averages trading

MAs can also be used as dynamic support and resistance. Traditionally, the popular moving averages are 20 and 50 period MAs, though they can be slightly altered to 21 and 55 respectively (to make use of Fibonacci numbers).^{*Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results}

From the example above, you can see that the 55 MA initially stood above the market, representing the resistance line. When the market reversed, the 55 MA started acting like a dynamic level of support. These lines help traders to define, whether the market is likely to continue the current trend or is close to a breakout.

^*Stop-losses may not be guaranteed.

Serving as one of the key concepts of technical analysis, support and resistance levels form the basis of a wide range of technical analysis tools. Determining the future level of support may help provide traders with an accurate view of the price level that could prop up the asset’s price.

Vice versa, foreseeing the resistance level may also be beneficial, as it serves as a price level, which can harm your long position.

There are numerous methods to identify support and resistance levels, but the interpretation remains unchanged: support and resistance indicators potentially identify the price of an underlying asset moving in a particular direction. This primary technical analysis tool is used as a way to predict the asset’s price movement and enable traders to point out potential buy and sell spots.

The support and resistance are specific price points on a chart expected to attract the maximum amount of either buying or selling. Support is the level at which a price is likely to find support and not go any lower while resistance is the level at which a price is likely to find resistance and not go any higher.

It is important to remember that like all trading strategies, the support and resistance strategy is not foolproof and it is important to always do your research, use caution and never risk more than you can afford to lose.