CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 76% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs with this provider. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.
US English
50.22
1.91%
Market Trading Hours* (UTC) Opens on Monday at 13:30

Mon - Fri: 13:30 - 20:00

  • Summary
  • Historical Data
  • Events
  • Income Statement
  • Balance Sheet
  • Cash Flow
  • Ownership
Trading Conditions
Spread 0.17
Long position overnight fee

Long position overnight fee


Margin. Your investment $1,000.00
Overnight fee -0.026151 %
Charges from full value of position ($-4.97)
Trade size with leverage ~ $20,000.00
Money from leverage ~ $19,000.00

Go to platform
-0.026151%
Short position overnight fee

Short position overnight fee


Margin. Your investment $1,000.00
Overnight fee 0.003929 %
Charges from full value of position ($0.75)
Trade size with leverage ~ $20,000.00
Money from leverage ~ $19,000.00

Go to platform
0.003929%
Overnight fee time 21:00 (UTC)
Min traded quantity 1
Currency USD
Margin 5%
Stock exchange United States of America
Commission on trade 0%

*Information provided by Capital.com

IAC Inc ESG Risk Ratings

High Medium Low Negligible

‘C’ score indicates satisfactory relative ESG performance and moderate degree of transparency in reporting material ESG data publicly.

More ESG coverage

Key Stats
Prev. Close* 51.21
Open* 51.25
1-Year Change* -11.59%
Day's Range* 50 - 51.25
52 wk Range 41.52-70.78
Average Volume (10 days) 508.29K
Average Volume (3 months) 11.35M
Market Cap 4.63B
P/E Ratio 17.86
Shares Outstanding 85.85M
Revenue 4.74B
EPS 3.02
Dividend (Yield %) N/A
Beta 1.70
Next Earnings Date Nov 6, 2023

All data is provided by Refinitiv, except for data marked with an asterisk, which is *data provided by Capital.com

  • Last Week
  • Last Month
  • Last Year
  • Last two Years
  • Max
  • Daily
  • Weekly
  • Monthly
Date Close Change Change (%) Open High Low
Sep 22, 2023 50.23 -1.11 -2.16% 51.34 51.34 49.89
Sep 21, 2023 51.21 -0.84 -1.61% 52.05 52.51 50.52
Sep 20, 2023 52.98 -0.74 -1.38% 53.72 53.92 52.86
Sep 19, 2023 53.28 0.99 1.89% 52.29 53.52 51.85
Sep 18, 2023 52.65 0.57 1.09% 52.08 53.00 51.43
Sep 15, 2023 52.80 0.27 0.51% 52.53 53.09 52.42
Sep 14, 2023 52.96 0.28 0.53% 52.68 53.84 52.61
Sep 13, 2023 52.52 0.39 0.75% 52.13 52.68 51.66
Sep 12, 2023 52.61 0.64 1.23% 51.97 53.40 51.96
Sep 11, 2023 52.49 -1.26 -2.34% 53.75 54.48 51.88
Sep 8, 2023 54.05 0.30 0.56% 53.75 54.61 53.53
Sep 7, 2023 53.77 0.90 1.70% 52.87 54.12 52.75
Sep 6, 2023 53.97 -0.43 -0.79% 54.40 54.40 53.73
Sep 5, 2023 54.39 -0.42 -0.77% 54.81 55.25 54.11
Sep 1, 2023 55.66 0.30 0.54% 55.36 56.10 55.25
Aug 31, 2023 55.21 0.26 0.47% 54.95 55.64 54.79
Aug 30, 2023 54.72 0.23 0.42% 54.49 55.43 54.27
Aug 29, 2023 54.98 0.93 1.72% 54.05 55.42 54.05
Aug 28, 2023 54.57 0.48 0.89% 54.09 55.16 54.09
Aug 25, 2023 54.10 0.20 0.37% 53.90 54.73 53.50

IAC/InterActiveCorp Events

Time (UTC) Country Event
Monday, November 6, 2023

Time (UTC)

10:59

Country

US

Event

Q3 2023 IAC Inc Earnings Release
Q3 2023 IAC Inc Earnings Release

Forecast

-

Previous

-
Monday, February 12, 2024

Time (UTC)

21:30

Country

US

Event

Q4 2023 IAC Inc Earnings Release
Q4 2023 IAC Inc Earnings Release

Forecast

-

Previous

-
View all events
  • Annual
  • Quarterly
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Total revenue 5235.28 3699.63 2764.54 2509.98 2533.05
Revenue 5235.28 3699.63 2764.54 2509.98 2533.05
Cost of Revenue, Total 1896.89 1305.27 748.503 547.03 501.152
Gross Profit 3338.39 2394.36 2016.03 1962.95 2031.9
Total Operating Expense 5650.75 3833.59 3360.14 2504.25 2375.98
Selling/General/Admin. Expenses, Total 2852.55 2161.46 1912.87 1691.57 1669.29
Research & Development 329.438 220.12 180.014 132.64 177.298
Depreciation / Amortization 431.698 149.854 163.462 129.686 149.474
Unusual Expense (Income) 140.18 -3.099 355.286 3.318 -121.23
Operating Income -415.472 -133.968 -595.603 5.734 157.065
Interest Income (Expense), Net Non-Operating -837.609 783.361 842.608 42.693 23.432
Other, Net -273.155 80.413 -2.845 -14.11 125.074
Net Income Before Taxes -1526.24 729.806 244.16 34.317 305.571
Net Income After Taxes -1195.15 590.816 289.867 81.666 292.371
Minority Interest 22.285 8.748 0.726 -9.945 -45.599
Net Income Before Extra. Items -1172.86 599.564 290.593 71.721 246.772
Net Income -1170.17 597.547 269.726 22.895 246.772
Income Available to Common Excl. Extra. Items -1172.86 579.472 290.593 71.721 246.772
Income Available to Common Incl. Extra. Items -1170.17 577.455 269.726 22.895 246.772
Diluted Net Income -1170.17 579.036 269.797 22.895 246.772
Diluted Weighted Average Shares 86.35 91.828 90.948 85.132 85.0938
Diluted EPS Excluding Extraordinary Items -13.5827 6.32762 3.19594 0.84247 2.9
Diluted Normalized EPS -12.5275 6.43247 5.6857 0.7171 1.53688
Total Extraordinary Items 2.694 -2.017 -20.867 -48.826
Dilution Adjustment 1.581 0.071
Total Adjustments to Net Income 0 -20.092
Jun 2023 Mar 2023 Dec 2022 Sep 2022 Jun 2022
Total revenue 1111.59 1084.27 1246.45 1300.9 1362.58
Revenue 1111.59 1084.27 1246.45 1300.9 1362.58
Cost of Revenue, Total 352.936 341.527 416.123 452.193 504.932
Gross Profit 758.653 742.744 830.33 848.708 857.649
Total Operating Expense 1167.06 1219.87 1262.29 1425.58 1528.72
Selling/General/Admin. Expenses, Total 633.298 674.186 649.772 732.508 753.444
Research & Development 86.456 88.317 91.388 73.994 83.612
Depreciation / Amortization 95.466 115.778 117.801 141.338 85.133
Operating Income -55.473 -135.596 -15.838 -124.68 -166.14
Interest Income (Expense), Net Non-Operating -71.439 682.448 215.188 22.785 -902.107
Other, Net 10.985 7.969 -217.93 9.983 -36.14
Net Income Before Taxes -115.927 554.821 -18.58 -91.912 -1104.39
Net Income After Taxes -91.63 415.319 -13.01 -65.847 -875.399
Minority Interest 2.585 2.456 8.897 2.024 6.269
Net Income Before Extra. Items -89.045 417.775 -4.113 -63.823 -869.13
Total Extraordinary Items 2.694 0 0
Net Income -89.045 417.775 -1.419 -63.823 -869.13
Total Adjustments to Net Income
Income Available to Common Excl. Extra. Items -89.045 417.775 -4.113 -63.823 -869.13
Income Available to Common Incl. Extra. Items -89.045 417.775 -1.419 -63.823 -869.13
Dilution Adjustment
Diluted Net Income -89.045 417.775 -1.419 -63.823 -869.13
Diluted Weighted Average Shares 83.081 85.534 85.855 86.022 86.748
Diluted EPS Excluding Extraordinary Items -1.07179 4.88432 -0.04791 -0.74194 -10.019
Dividends per Share - Common Stock Primary Issue 0 0 0
Diluted Normalized EPS -1.08034 4.88483 -0.14476 -0.54889 -9.25774
Unusual Expense (Income) -1.094 0.059 -12.793 25.548 101.6
  • Annual
  • Quarterly
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Total Current Assets 2561.14 3076.22 4119.32 1229.26 2762.74
Cash and Short Term Investments 1656.76 2138.52 3591.16 839.796 2255.3
Cash & Equivalents 1417.39 2118.73 3366.18 839.796 2131.63
Short Term Investments 239.373 19.788 224.979 0 123.665
Total Receivables, Net 607.809 695.513 257.668 237.126 289.321
Accounts Receivable - Trade, Net 607.809 695.513 257.668 181.875 279.189
Prepaid Expenses 80.039 73.483 55.586
Other Current Assets, Total 216.524 168.705 270.499 152.334 162.535
Total Assets 10393.6 12302.6 9161.71 4097.41 6874.58
Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Net 938.774 1068.86 274.93 305.414 318.8
Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Gross 1213.25 1565.75 482.331 507.212 605.598
Accumulated Depreciation, Total -274.473 -496.887 -207.401 -201.798 -286.798
Goodwill, Net 3030.17 3226.61 1660.1 1616.87 2726.86
Intangibles, Net 1170.04 1414.89 394.986 350.15 631.422
Long Term Investments 2495.9 2977.28 2157.8 347.975 235.055
Note Receivable - Long Term
Other Long Term Assets, Total 197.614 538.73 554.568 247.746 199.71
Total Current Liabilities 1079.99 1381.5 750.901 585.322 883.558
Accounts Payable 133.105 203.173 88.849 72.452 74.907
Accrued Expenses 423.989 570.599 340.406 320.473 243.103
Notes Payable/Short Term Debt 0 0 0 0 0
Current Port. of LT Debt/Capital Leases 30 30 13.75 13.75
Other Current Liabilities, Total 492.894 577.731 321.646 178.647 551.798
Total Liabilities 4462.02 5127.37 2564.13 1562.38 4031.46
Total Long Term Debt 2019.76 2046.24 712.277 231.946 2245.55
Long Term Debt 2019.76 2046.24 712.277 231.946 2245.55
Deferred Income Tax 76.276 385.89 78.789 44.459 23.6
Minority Interest 668.155 592.475 785.345 513.939 774.363
Other Liabilities, Total 617.842 721.262 236.822 186.717 104.391
Total Equity 5931.61 7175.23 6597.58 2535.02 2843.12
Common Stock 0.009 0.009 0.089 0.278
Additional Paid-In Capital 6295.08 6265.67 5909.61 2547.25 12022.4
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) -265.019 905.151 694.042 1258.79
Treasury Stock - Common -85.323 0 -10309.6
Unrealized Gain (Loss) 0.004
Other Equity, Total -13.133 4.397 -6.17 -12.226 -128.726
Total Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity 10393.6 12302.6 9161.71 4097.41 6874.58
Total Common Shares Outstanding 88.872 89.711 88.765 84.679 83.752
Mar 2023 Dec 2022 Sep 2022 Jun 2022 Mar 2022
Total Current Assets 2379.72 2561.14 2481.16 2738.49 2784.3
Cash and Short Term Investments 1600.97 1656.76 1623.73 1826.52 1911.61
Cash & Equivalents 1398.84 1417.39 1607.38 1796.2 1852.6
Total Receivables, Net 537.945 607.809 587.567 633.323 593.28
Accounts Receivable - Trade, Net 537.945 607.809 587.567 633.323 593.28
Other Current Assets, Total 240.804 296.563 269.869 278.65 279.408
Total Assets 10754 10393.6 10441.6 10749.1 11893.5
Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Net 678.135 938.774 713.375 586.356 576.787
Property/Plant/Equipment, Total - Gross 757.573 785.087 860.71 1123.09 1098.72
Accumulated Depreciation, Total -295.702 -274.473 -276.822 -536.736 -521.935
Goodwill, Net 3030.95 3030.17 3008.24 3099.07 3221.04
Intangibles, Net 1115.59 1170.04 1282.5 1302.07 1357.48
Long Term Investments 3202.71 2495.9 2234.88 2140.68 2987.54
Other Long Term Assets, Total 346.916 197.614 721.412 882.466 966.394
Total Current Liabilities 998.547 1079.99 1085.25 1313.83 1331.54
Accounts Payable 114.863 133.105 158.11 154.333 184.084
Accrued Expenses 680.837 759.759 738.371 959.292 939.399
Notes Payable/Short Term Debt 0 0 0 0 0
Other Current Liabilities, Total 172.847 157.124 158.767 170.207 178.061
Total Liabilities 4486.72 4462.02 4537.76 4758.91 4974.08
Total Long Term Debt 2013.11 2019.76 2026.4 2033.04 2039.66
Long Term Debt 2013.11 2019.76 2026.4 2033.04 2039.66
Deferred Income Tax 202.566 76.276 108.638 82.471 308.178
Minority Interest 680.368 668.155 666.672 662.341 609.279
Other Liabilities, Total 592.132 617.842 650.795 667.229 685.425
Total Equity 6267.3 5931.61 5903.82 5990.23 6919.46
Common Stock 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009
Additional Paid-In Capital 6306.23 6295.08 6282.69 6261.93 6249.33
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) 152.756 -265.019 -263.6 -199.777 669.353
Unrealized Gain (Loss) 0.027
Other Equity, Total -14.668 -13.133 -29.96 -12.852 0.765
Total Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity 10754 10393.6 10441.6 10749.1 11893.5
Total Common Shares Outstanding 87.169 88.872 88.843 89.186 89.864
Short Term Investments 202.138 239.373 16.343 30.315 59.012
Current Port. of LT Debt/Capital Leases 30 30 30 30 30
Treasury Stock - Common -177.052 -85.323 -85.323 -59.079
  • Annual
  • Quarterly
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Net income/Starting Line -1192.45 588.985 268.586 32.183 292.371
Cash From Operating Activities -82.791 136.953 154.581 251.8 369.435
Cash From Operating Activities 130.986 75.015 68.823 55.471 42.393
Amortization 307.718 74.839 126.839 74.215 107.081
Deferred Taxes -337.758 133.377 -18.356 -49.374 8.765
Non-Cash Items 1396.02 -640.121 -154.525 207.23 -75.564
Cash Taxes Paid 13.403 8.118 3.964 1.749 34.404
Cash Interest Paid 98.15 21.702 6.524 10.042 13.108
Changes in Working Capital -387.3 -95.142 -136.786 -67.925 -5.611
Cash From Investing Activities -494.808 -2899.9 -1872.14 -421.868 -44.682
Capital Expenditures -139.753 -90.21 -60.726 -95.097 -54.68
Other Investing Cash Flow Items, Total -355.055 -2809.69 -1811.42 -326.771 9.998
Cash From Financing Activities -112.651 1409.31 4351.92 124.086 -197.738
Financing Cash Flow Items -23.884 63.221 2534.79 196.668 -191.181
Issuance (Retirement) of Stock, Net -58.767 -33.907 1344.62 -56.332 4.693
Issuance (Retirement) of Debt, Net -30 1380 472.5 -16.25 -11.25
Foreign Exchange Effects -5.545 -1.612 2.019 -0.122 -0.118
Net Change in Cash -695.795 -1355.25 2636.38 -46.104 126.897
Mar 2023 Dec 2022 Sep 2022 Jun 2022 Mar 2022
Net income/Starting Line 415.319 -1192.45 -1182.14 -1116.29 -240.893
Cash From Operating Activities 25.167 -82.791 -101.493 -7.905 12.902
Cash From Operating Activities 61.172 130.986 86.855 59.288 30.236
Amortization 54.606 307.718 234.048 113.271 57.19
Deferred Taxes 127.154 -337.758 -333.202 -306.428 -76.933
Non-Cash Items -599.982 1396.02 1384.67 1338.47 246.852
Changes in Working Capital -33.102 -387.3 -291.726 -96.216 -3.55
Cash From Investing Activities 51.974 -494.808 -294.148 -225.265 -231.589
Capital Expenditures -21.863 -139.753 -112.84 -73.641 -30.493
Other Investing Cash Flow Items, Total 73.837 -355.055 -181.308 -151.624 -201.096
Cash From Financing Activities -95.975 -112.651 -101.239 -63.792 -27.482
Financing Cash Flow Items -3.755 -23.884 -19.972 -16.269 -11.838
Issuance (Retirement) of Stock, Net -84.72 -58.767 -58.767 -32.523 -8.144
Issuance (Retirement) of Debt, Net -7.5 -30 -22.5 -15 -7.5
Foreign Exchange Effects 0.322 -5.545 -7.913 -4.201 -1.029
Net Change in Cash -18.512 -695.795 -504.793 -301.163 -247.198
Investor Name Investor Type Percent Outstanding Shares Held Shares change Holdings Date Turnover Rating
The Vanguard Group, Inc. Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 9.2231 7383700 -225817 2023-06-30 LOW
JP Morgan Asset Management Investment Advisor 5.987 4793008 167485 2023-06-30 LOW
ShawSpring Partners LLC Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 5.2231 4181399 -88396 2023-06-30 LOW
Levin (Joseph M) Individual Investor 4.1066 3287614 0 2023-04-21 LOW
BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. Investment Advisor 3.6119 2891596 -34992 2023-06-30 LOW
Southeastern Asset Management, Inc. Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 3.193 2556175 -7549 2023-06-30 MED
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. Investment Advisor 3.171 2538605 -14129 2023-06-30 LOW
Davis Selected Advisers, L.P. Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 3.1638 2532853 682851 2023-06-30 LOW
Eagle Capital Management L.L.C. Investment Advisor 2.4254 1941683 -133125 2023-06-30 LOW
Freshford Capital Management, LLC Hedge Fund 1.8752 1501224 -323826 2023-06-30 MED
First Manhattan Co. LLC Investment Advisor 1.8299 1464937 -658703 2023-06-30 LOW
Thompson, Siegel & Walmsley LLC Investment Advisor 1.6593 1328369 -109991 2023-06-30 LOW
State Street Global Advisors (US) Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 1.5666 1254177 -14127 2023-06-30 LOW
Geode Capital Management, L.L.C. Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 1.4395 1152439 6754 2023-06-30 LOW
Harspring Capital Management, LLC Hedge Fund 1.4365 1150000 -29500 2023-06-30 MED
Heard Capital LLC Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 1.4135 1131619 -1091 2023-06-30 LOW
Allen & Company LLC Investment Advisor/Hedge Fund 1.3726 1098834 0 2023-06-30 LOW
Artisan Partners Limited Partnership Investment Advisor 1.2461 997614 -47868 2023-06-30 LOW
Durable Capital Partners LP Hedge Fund 1.2397 992493 321815 2023-06-30 LOW
UBS Asset Management (Americas), Inc. Investment Advisor 1.1422 914409 734319 2023-03-31 LOW

Trading calculator

Calculate your hypothetical P&L if you had opened a CFD trade on a certain date (select a date) and closed on a different date (select a date).

Trade commission
0
  • 1:1
Leverage
1:1
  • 20
  • 100
  • 500
  • 1000
  • 10000
Investment
Trade size (Leverage x Investement):
Open

Close

Short Long

For the avoidance of doubt, this calculation does not include the costs of holding a position overnight (for which there will be additional charges)

IAC Interactive Company profile

About IAC/Interactivecorp

IAC/Interactivecorp. is a media and Internet company. The Company's segments include Dotdash Meredith, Angi Inc., Search and Emerging & Other. Its Dotdash Meredith segment consists of its digital and print businesses. Through its digital business, it provides original and engaging digital content in a variety of formats, including articles, illustrations, videos and images. Its print business published approximately 30 magazines, as well as more than 350 special interest publications. Its brands include PEOPLE, Entertainment Weekly, Investopedia and others. Its Angi Inc. segment includes the North American (United States and Canada) and European businesses and operations of Angi Inc. Its North American businesses and operations include Angi Ads, Angi Leads and Angi Services. Its Search segment consists of Ask Media Group and its Desktop business. Its Emerging & Other segment includes Care.com, Mosaic Group, Bluecrew, Vivian Health, The Daily Beast, IAC Films and Newco.

Financial summary

BRIEF: For the fiscal year ended 31 December 2021, IAC/Interactivecorp revenues increased 34% to $3.7B. Net income applicable to common stockholders excluding extraordinary items increased 99% to $579.5M. Revenues reflect Search segment increase of 42% to $873.3M, Dotdash segment increase from $213.8M to $456.3M, Emerging & Other segment increase of 45% to $707.2M, United States segment increase of 38% to $3.18B.

Equity composition

Common $.001 Par, 03/11, 1.6B auth., 227,471,581 issd, less 142,202,781 shs. in Treas. @ cost. Insider own 1.15%. Cl.B Com. $.001 Par, 400M auth., 16,157,499 issd, less 11,562,121 shs. in Treas @ cost. Insider own 100%. 2/00, 2-for-1 stocksplit. 08/08, 1-for-2 reverse stock split.

Industry: Online Services (NEC)

555 West 18th Street
NEW YORK
NEW YORK 10011
US

Income Statement

  • Annual
  • Quarterly

News

EUR/USD tests key support

EUR/USD is currently testing a key support level after the Federal Reserve indicated a potential extension of higher interest rates.

14:32, 21 September 2023
Bank of England building

BoE leaves rates unchanged, GBP drops further as investors look for more clarity

The Bank of England has left rates unchanged at 5.25% with a 5-4 vote split after CPI dropped more than expected in August

11:45, 21 September 2023
British banknotes and coins photographed directly above. The coins are in a stack, placed on top of the banknotes.

GBP softer after CPI surprise, JPY focused on any further hints from Ueda

GBP drops after a softer CPI reading scares investors about the BoE intentions. JPY on the lookout for further policy tweaks from Governor Ueda.

12:42, 20 September 2023

How to Trade The Break & Retest

In this week's instalment, we delve into the Break & Retest pattern—a strategic approach to navigating breakout trades. If you've wrestled with the frustration of false breakouts, incorporating this pattern into your trading toolkit may help you overcome this challenge and put you on the path to becoming a more confident and consistent trader.

11:59, 20 September 2023

Cable coils near lows ahead of Fed and BoE rate decisions

It’s a big week for Cable (GBP/USD) as both the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England are set to make crucial rate decisions.

14:16, 19 September 2023

FTSE 100 Technical Outlook - 18 September 2023

In prior technical outlooks, we highlighted the importance of staying alert in sleepy markets, and last Thursday’s developments on the FTSE 100 serve as a prime illustration of this principle.

06:55, 19 September 2023
View of the City of London’s illuminated financial district skyline at dusk

Market Analysis: FTSE 100 boosted by ECB rate hike end and iron ore rally

The FTSE 100 rose over 2% on Thursday as the ECB announced no more rate hikes for now.

13:46, 15 September 2023

People also watch

BTC/USD

26,101.20 Price
-1.570% 1D Chg, %
Long position overnight fee -0.0616%
Short position overnight fee 0.0137%
Overnight fee time 21:00 (UTC)
Spread 85.00

US100

14,666.60 Price
-0.260% 1D Chg, %
Long position overnight fee -0.0262%
Short position overnight fee 0.0039%
Overnight fee time 21:00 (UTC)
Spread 1.8

Oil - Crude

89.66 Price
-0.480% 1D Chg, %
Long position overnight fee 0.0414%
Short position overnight fee -0.0633%
Overnight fee time 21:00 (UTC)
Spread 0.030

ETH/USD

1,569.75 Price
-1.300% 1D Chg, %
Long position overnight fee -0.0616%
Short position overnight fee 0.0137%
Overnight fee time 21:00 (UTC)
Spread 5.40

Still looking for a broker you can trust?

Join the 555.000+ traders worldwide that chose to trade with Capital.com

1. Create & verify your account 2. Make your first deposit 3. You’re all set. Start trading