Yoke WongPalladium prices plunged to a 20-month low over the past two weeks as weak automotive demand and a stronger US dollar weighed on the market.
The December palladium contract traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange settled at $1,789.10 an ounce on 26 November, down 17% from $2,156 on 15 November. Prices are the lowest since March 2020.
The December palladium contract rose over October and hit a two-month high of $2,187.42 on 17 November but prices fell as automotive production continued to be hampered by the global semiconductor shortage.
Palladium is both an industrial and precious metal. It is a key material in automotive catalytic converters, reducing toxic emissions of nitrogen oxides into less harmful gases in vehicle exhaust systems. In recent years, more countries have implemented stricter emission standards to combat pollution and global warming. This has increased the demand for autocatalytic converters and in turn lifted global palladium consumption.
The automotive sector is the largest consumer of palladium, followed by electronics, dentistry and jewellery.
However, fewer vehicles were manufactured this year because of the global semiconductor shortage, leading to lower palladium demand, which has pressured prices.
As a precious metal, palladium is also used as an inflation hedge and a safe-haven asset. Like other safe-haven assets, its price is also driven by macroeconomic factors such as interest rates and the US dollar value. Such assets tend to fall in value when interest rates are higher and the US dollar is stronger against other currencies, as investors divert funds towards other more profitable and riskier investment products.
Following the renomination of Jerome Powell as the US Federal Reserve chair for a second term last week, there was a sell-off for precious metals complex amid a strengthening of the US dollar.
The US dollar index (DXY) has been climbing since the second half of this year and hit a 16-month high at 96.88 on 24 November. Although the index has since dropped to 96.34 on 29 November, it remained around the 16-month high.
The sell-off market sentiment remained in the week beginning 29 November, with FX Leaders’ palladium technical analysis citing a strong sell market sentiment and listing the bollingers bands at: $2,099.322 (upper), $1,877.890 (middle) and $1,656.458 (lower).
How will palladium perform for the rest of 2021 and beyond? Read this palladium analysis to learn more about the palladium price trend, analysts’ forecasts and news affecting the precious metal market.
Price overview in 2021
According to industrial consumer Johnson Matthey’s data, palladium started the year at $2,481 an ounce and prices surged to $2,516 on 17 March when mining operation was disrupted in Russia – the world’s largest producer. In February and March, mining operations at Russian producer Nornickel’s Oktyabrsky and Taimyrsky mines were halted by flooding. A return to full production was scheduled in June following the flooding. In addition, an accident at one of the two concentrator plants at the Polar mine site further disrupted platinum group metal (PGM) production earlier this year.
Following the series of supply disruption, palladium prices briefly hit a record high at $3,016 an ounce on 5 May but fell in the months after on lower autocatalytic demand. Car makers such as Toyota and Volkswagen announced production cuts because of the semiconductor shortages.
Supply and demand in 2021
Johnson Matthey’s palladium supply and demand forecast predicts the precious metal is expected to have a deficit of 829,000 ounces in 2021.
Although supply has increased this year, the overall demand growth this year is expected to exceed supply, leading to a deficit this year. Global production is projected at 6.75 million ounces in 2021, up 9.6% from the previous year, and palladium output from recycling increased by 14.4% year-on-year. The overall demand is anticipated at 11.15 million ounces, up 11.4% from 2020.
The biggest growth in palladium demand in 2021 was from jewellery, chemical and autocatalyst. The metal’s use in jewellery is expected to jump by 18.3% year-on-year to 103,000 ounces in 2021, although this is still significantly below the 189,000 ounces used in 2016. In the chemical sector, demand is forecast to grow 11.6% year-on-year to 646,000 ounces and consumption by autocatalyst is expected to increase by 10.5% year-on-year to 9.45 million ounces.
As 90% of mined palladium is a by-product of other metals, this has made visibility into supply and accumulated above-ground stockpiles extremely limited, said PGMs processor and trader Heraeus in its palladium standard report published in September.
Palladium is mined as a by-product of nickel in Russia and of platinum production in South Africa. As a result, Heraeus’ palladium supply and demand forecast differs from Johnson Matthey’s data published in May. Heraeus expects global palladium production to increase by 6% yoy to 6.77 million ounces in 2021 and recycling output to rebound by 15% to 2.76 million ounces. The total palladium demand is forecast to grow by 9% to 10.03 million ounces.
According to Heraeus, the disruption in the automotive sector caused by the global semiconductor shortage is expected to last into 2022.
“Automotive demand has been repeatedly revised down as the post-pandemic recovery in light-vehicle production has been hampered by a shortage of semiconductor chips that now looks set to drag on into 2022,” wrote Dr Ralph Grimble from commodity consultancy SFA Oxford in the Palladium report.
The report cited that an estimated 3.7 million units of light-vehicle production were lost due to the shortage of chips, which is equivalent to 517,000 ounces of palladium not used in the autocatalyst.
Dr Grimble wrote the lost production and lower demand “[is] going to be worse than that by the end of the year.”
Short-term palladium forecast downgraded
As a result of the weaker automotive demand, analysts have cut their palladium forecast for the next 12 months.
According to a Reuters poll conducted in late October, analysts and traders have lowered their price forecasts for palladium this year to an average of $2,050 an ounce in the fourth quarter, and $2,150 an ounce in 2022.
Amid the on-going problem with semiconductor shortage and recovering production from Russian producer Nornickel, Heraeus forecasts palladium to average at $1,950 an ounce over the next six months.
“By-product metals such as silver and palladium typically either boom for longer (than their primary sister metals) or bust for longer given this in-bred [supply] inelasticity,” said Heraeus.
Source: Commerzbank, Morgan Stanley, HeraeusFAQs
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